(a) Conducted extensive studies on soil salinity, water stress and metal toxicity induced key metabolic alterations in rice plants. It has been shown that these stresses impair proteolysis, nitrogen assimilation, the process of photosynthesis and photosynthate partitioning by selectively influencing the activity behaviours of many enzymes. It has been shown that salinity and drought cause oxidative damage to rice plants by overproducing reactive oxygen species. The roles of individual components of antioxidative defense mechanism in combating drought and metals induced oxidative damage have been well established. Characterized the constitutive and inducible tolerance mechanisms like molecular isoforms of enzymes ribonucleases, peroxidases and superoxide dismutases associated with stressful conditions of soils salinity, water stress and metal toxicity. It has been shown that specific inducible peroxidase isoforms can be used as markers for screening salt tolerant cultivars of rice (Rice Biotechnology Quarterly, USA 1991, 8, 8-9) and that expression of a 18kDa protein is induced under Cd toxicity and this protein sequesters Cd by binding with its four -SH groups. Further, ascorbate peroxidase can be used as useful target to engineer Al tolerance in rice. A direct role of osmolytes as enzyme protectants and role of the metals Cd, Pb, Al, Ni in inducing oxidative damage in plants (Plant Science 2001,161:1135-1144, Plant Cell Reports 2007, 26:2027-2038, Plant Growth Regulation 2009 59:37-49) have been established.

(b) Purified and characterized enterotoxins from the bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila and from different bio-type strains of Vibrio cholerae. A novel method was developed for the assay of cholera toxin using GM1-ELISA. This method has been very popular and widely cited including in Methods In Enzymology (Vol. 235, Part A, p. 521).

(c) Established a novel system involving reverse micelles for entrapment and stabilization of many enzymes and the whole yeast and bacterial cells. For the first time it was shown that chloroplast organelles together with the bacteria Halobacterium halobium when entrapped within aqueous pockets of reverse micelles, could serve as novel tool to produce molecular hydrogen which could be used as clean fuel (International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vienna, 1999, 24, 693-698). Reverse micelles are formed as spheroidal aggregates when amphiphilic molecules (surfactants) are added in organic solvents. The interior of reverse micelles due to its polar nature provides suitable space to host whole microbial cells and plant organelles in aqueous medium.

1. National Merit Scholarship awarded throughout the University Career.

2. Awarded BHU cash prize with certificate for securing highest marks at B.Sc. Part II (Chem. Hons.) and B.Sc. Part III (Chem. Hons.) examinations of BHU held in years 1973 and 1974 respectively.

3. Awarded CERTIFICATE OF MERIT along with cash prize from Faculty of Science, BHU for securing FIRST RANK in M.Sc. (Biochemistry Previous) examination of Banaras Hindu University held in 1975.

4. Awarded BHU MEDAL for securing 1st rank in M.Sc. (Biochemistry) examination of Banaras Hindu University held in 1976.

5. Awarded Indian Science Congress Association (ISCA) YOUNG SCIENTIST AWARD in the year 1982.

6. Awarded SWEDISH INSTITUTE SCHOLARSHIP by Swedish Institute, Stockholm for a period of 11 months (Feb. 1989 to Dec. 1989) and worked with Prof. Jan Holmgren at the Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, SWEDEN.

7. Nominated by Indian National Science Academy (INSA, New Delhi) under INSA - DFG (German Academy of Science) Exchange programme and worked with Prof. Uwe Sonnewald at Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, GERMANY for 3 months (from 5.8.1997 to 30.10.1997).

8. Awarded FELLOWSHIP by JSPS (Japan Society for Promotion of Science) for a period of 10 months and worked with Prof. Shoji Hatano at the Department of Food Science and Technology, Kyushu University, JAPAN during May 24, 1998 to March 21,1999.

9. Served as a member in EXPERT PANEL FOR MERIT AND NORMAL ASSESSMENT SCHEME for Centre for Biochemical Technology (CBT), Delhi, during 1996-1997.

10. Served as a Member of Executive Committee of The Indian Society for Agricultural Biochemists during 1995-97 and presently serving as a member of executive committee from the year 2002 onwards.

11. Served as an elected Member of the Sectional Committee for the Section of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology of 1997-98 session of Indian Science Congress.

12. Gave Invited Talks/Chaired Scientific Sessions in many Conferences in India and abroad, some notably among these are: Brain storming session cum workshop on Current Status of Cholera Research in India, New Delhi on August 3, 1991; 31st Annual Convention of Chemists, Varanasi on 22nd Dec 1994; Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Research, Gatersleben, Germany on August 19, 1997; First National Rasaushadhi Conference, Patna on November 28, 1999; Conference on Impact of Biotechnology on Society, BHU, March 15, 2005; National Seminar on Biochemistry, University of Gorakhpur, March 22, 2005; Research Institute for Bioresources at Okayama University (Japan) on June 13, 2005; Kyushu University, Fukuoka (Japan) on July 1, 2005; Department of Biology, Okayama University, Japan on July 7, 2005; 2nd International Conference on Trends in Cell and Molecular Biology, JNU, New Delhi, Jan. 5-7, 2008; Symposium on Current Advancements in Biotechnology, Allahabad on April 27, 2009; International Conference on Emerging Trends in Biotechnology (ETBT)- Banaras Hindu University, Dec 4-6, 2009.

13. Serving as MEMBER of the first ACADEMIC COUNCIL of CENTRAL UNIVERSITY OF RAJASTHAN from July 30, 2009 onwards for a period of 3 years.

14. Serving as VICE PRESIDENT OF INDIAN SOCIETY FOR ENVIRONMENT AND CULTURE (ISEC) since 1994. The Society has its Head-Quarters at Varanasi..

15. Serving as Hony. DIRECTOR OF INDO-JAPANESE CULTURAL ASSOCIATION (Varanasi) since 1988.

16. Serving as VICE-PRESIDENT OF SOCIETY OF HERITAGE PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH (SHPEH) since 1995.

17. Awarded HONORARY FELLOWSHIP OF THE INDIAN SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURAL BIOCHEMISTS (FISAB) at 6th Convention of the Society held at Kanpur during February 24-26, 2000.

18. Nominated by Indian National Science Academy (INSA, New Delhi) under INSA - DFG (German Science Academy) Exchange programme and worked with Prof. Walter J. Horst at Institute of Plant Nutrition, University of Hannover, GERMANY for 3 months from June 3, 2003 to August 28, 2003.

19. Awarded Fellowship by JSPS (Japan Society for Promotion of Science) for a period of 2 months and worked as Visiting Professor at The Research Institute for Bioresources, Okayama University during May 16, 2005 to July 14, 2005.

20. Nominated by Indian National Science Academy (INSA, New Delhi) under INSA - DFG (German Science Academy) Exchange programme and worked with Prof. Walter J. Horst at Institute of Plant Nutrition, University of Hannover, GERMANY for 3 months from June 1 2007 to August 28, 2007

21. Recipient of TOP - TEN MOST CITED AUTHOR AWARD for the period 2003-2008, by ELSEVIER Publications, Amsterdam.

22. Received "Excellence Award" by Indian Society of Agricultural Biochemists in the year 2010 for outstanding contributions in organizing International Conference and Silver Jubilee Convention of the Society and for promoting the Society.

List of 10 major Publications:

1. Dubey, R.S. 1982. Biochemical changes in germinating rice seeds under saline stress. Biochem. Physiol. Pflanzen 177, 523-535.

2. Dubey, R.S. and Manju Rani 1990. Influence of NaCl salinity on behaviours of protease, aminopeptidase and carboxypeptidase in rice seedling in relation to salt tolerance. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 17, 215-221.

3. Mittal, R, and Dubey, R.S. 1991. Behaviour of peroxidases in rice: Changes in enzyme activity and isoforms in relation to salt tolerance. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (Paris) 29, 31-40.

4. Shah, K. and Dubey, R.S. 1998. A 18 kDa Cd inducible protein complex: its isolation and characterization from rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings. Journal of Plant Physiology (Germany) 152, 448-454.

5. Mishra, S.P., Tiwari, D., Dubey, R.S. and Mishra, M. 1998. Biosorptive behaviour of casein for Zn2+, Hg2+, and Cr3+: Effects of physico-chemical treatments. Bioresource Technology 63, 1-5.

6. Shah, K., Kumar, R.G., Verma, S. and Dubey, R.S. 2001. Effect of cadmium on lipid peroxidation, superoxide anion generation and activities of antioxidant enzymes in growing rice seedlings. Plant Science 161, 1135-1144.

7. Verma, S. and Dubey, R.S. 2003. Lead toxicity induces lipid peroxidation and alters the activities of antioxidant enzymes in growing rice plants. Plant Science, 164, 645-655.

8. Sharma, P. and Dubey, R.S. 2004. Ascorbate peroxidase from rice seedlings: properties of enzyme isoforms, effects of stresses and protective roles of osmolytes. Plant Science, 167, 541-550.

9. Mishra, S. and Dubey, R.S. 2006. Inhibition of ribonuclease and protease activities in arsenic-exposed rice seedlings : role of proline as enzyme protectant. Journal of Plant Physiology, 163, 927-936.

10. Sharma, P., Dubey, R.S. 2007. Involvement of oxidative stress and role of antioxidative defense system in growing rice seedlings exposed to toxic concentrations of aluminum. Plant Cell Reports. 26, 2027-2038.

Additional Information/ Achievements:

APPOINTMENTS HELD

(i) Scientist S-1 (Biochemistry) in Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) for 4 years from 23.12.1978 to 24.01.1983.

(ii) Lecturer in Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005 for 8 years, from 25.01.1983 to 06.01.1991.

(iii) Reader in Department of Biochemistry at Banaras Hindu University for 8 years, from 07.01.1991 to 6.01.1999.

(iv) Professor in Department of Biochemistry at Banaras Hindu University for over 15 years (from 7.1.1999 onwards).

(v) HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY for nearly 9� years, for four terms from 30.01.1992 to 31.01.1995, from 30.01.1998 to 23.05.1998, from 01.01.2002 to 31.12.2004 and from 1.1.2011 to 31.12.2013.

(vi) Vice-Chancellor of Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur from 22.12.2008 to 1.3.2009.

(vii) Presently serving as Vice-Chancellor of Tilka Manjhi Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur (Bihar) from February 7, 2014 onwards.

RESEARCH/TEACHING EXPERIENCE

Nearly 38 years experience of research (2� years in capacity of CSIR research fellow, 12 years in capacity of Lecturer and equivalent positions, 8 years as Reader, over 15 years as Professor) and 31 yrs experience of teaching. Research conducted in different areas of Biochemistry with major emphasis on STRESS METABOLISM IN CROP PLANTS, ENTEROTOXINS, ENZYME TECHNOLOGY, etc.

ADMINISTRATIVE EXPERIENCE

B. ORGANIZED THE FOLLOWING SEMINAR/ SYMPOSIUM IN CAPACITY OF ORGANIZING/ CO-ORGANIZING SECRETARY

1. International Seminar On structure and Function of Enzymes, October 22-25, 1986.

2. Fourth Convention of The Indian Society of Agricultural Biochemists and the Symposium on Recent Developments in Biochemistry, March 20-21, 1995.

3. Seminar on Role of Scientists in the Promotion of Higher Education on 12th October 2007.

4. International Seminar on Higher Education: Global Perspective and Indian Vision along with 4th International BHU Alumni Meet at Banaras Hindu University during December 25-27, 2009.

5. International Conference on Role of Biomolecules in Food Security and Health Improvement and XI Silver Jubilee Convention of the Indian Society of Agricultural Biochemists, at Banaras Hindu University during February 17-20, 2010

Full List of Publications:

Articles Published in Peer Reviewed Journals /Chapters in Books:


1. Dubey R.S. and Sanyal, S.C. 1978. Enterotoxicity of Aeromonas hydrophila: Skin responses and in vivo neutralization. Zbl. Bakt. Hyg.I., Abt. Orig. A. 242, 487-499.

2. Dubey R.S. and Sanyal, S.C. 1979. Studies on the characterization and neutralization of Aeromonas hydrophila enterotoxin in the rabbit ileal loop model. Journal of Medical Microbiology 12, 345-352.

3. Dubey, R.S., Sanyal S.C and Malhotra, O.P 1980, Purification of Aeromonas hydrophila enterortoxin and its mode of action in experimental model. In Natural Toxins (Eds. T. Wadstrom and D. Eaker), Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 259-268.

4. Sanyal S.C., Dubey, R.S. and Annapurna, E. 1980. Enteropathogenicity and pathogenesis of Aeromonas hydrophila in experimental model. Proceedings of National Conference on Communicable Diseases. Calcutta, pp. 39-51.

5. Dubey, R.S. Bhattacharya, A.K. and Sanyal S.C. 1981. Elevation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate level by Aeromonas hydrophlila enterotoxin. Indian Journal of Medical Research 74, 668-674.

6. Dubey, R.S. 1982. Biochemical changes in germinating rice seeds under saline stress. Biochem. Physiol. Pflanzen 177, 523-535.

7. Dubey, R.S. 1983. Preparation and partial characterization of Xanthomonas oryzae phytotoxin. Z. Allg. Microbiol 23, 225-233.

8. Dubey, R.S. 1983, Hydrolytic enzymes of rice seeds differing in salt tolerance. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 10(S), 168-175.

9. Dubey, R.S. 1984. Effect of sodium chloride salinity on enzyme activity and biochemical constituents in germinating salt tolerant rice seed. Oryza 21, 213-217.

10. Dubey, R.S. 1985. Effect of salinity on nucleic acid metabolism of germinating rice seeds differing in salt tolerance. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 12, 9-16.

11. Dubey, R.S., Sharma, K.N. and Manju Rani 1986. Role of amylolytic and phosphorolytic enzymes in governing salt tolerance in rice. In Structure and Function of Enzymes (O.P. Malhotra, Ed.) CSIR Publications, New Delhi, pp.110-112.

12. Dubey, R.S. Sharma, K.N. and Singh, B. 1987. Influence of phosphorus fertilization on accumulation of phytic acid, nucleic acid and total phosphorus in developing rice grains. Oryza 24, 250-256.

13. Dubey, R.S., Sharma, K.N. and Singh B. 1987. Salinity induced Adenosine triphosphatase activity in germinating rice seeds. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology 30, 256-260.

14. Dubey, R.S. and Manju Rani 1987. Proteases and proteins in germinating rice seeds in relation to salt tolerance. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 14, 174-182.

15. Dubey, R.S. and Manju Rani 1989. Influence of NaCl salinity on growth and metabolic status of proteins and amino acids in rice seedlings. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science (Germany) 162, 97-106.

16. Dubey, R.S. and Manju Rani 1989. Salinity induced accumulation of free amino acids in germinating rice seeds differing in salt tolerance. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science (Germany) 163, 236-247.

17. Dubey, R.S. and Sharma K.N. 1989 Acid and alkaline phosphatases in rice seedlings growing under salinity stress. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology 32, 217-223.

18. Dubey, R.S., Sharma, K.N. and Singh, B. 1990. Effect of phosphorus fertilization on nucleic acids of rice seedlings. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 60, 192-194.

19. Mittal, R. and Dubey, R.S. 1990. Effect of NaCl salinity on RNA level as well as activity and molecular forms of ribonuclease in germinating rice seeds differing in salt tolerance. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology 33, 32-39.

20. Dubey, R.S. and Sharma K.N. 1990. Behaviours of phosphatases in germinating rice in relation to salt tolerance. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (Paris) 28, 17-26.

21. Dubey, R.S. and Manju Rani 1990. Influence of sodium chloride salinity on peptidase activities and the status of total amino acids in germinating rice seeds of differing salt tolerance. Tropical Science (England) 30, 133-145.

22. Dubey, R.S. and Manju Rani 1990. Influence of NaCl salinity on behaviours of protease, aminopeptidase and carboxypeptidase in rice seedling in relation to salt tolerance. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 17, 215-221.

23. Dubey, R.S., Lindblad, M . and Holmgren , J. 1990. Purification of ELT or cholera enterotoxins and comparisons with classical toxin. Journal of General Microbiology (England) 136, 1839-1847.

24. Katiyar, S. and Dubey, R.S. 1990. Changes in polyamine titer in rice seedlings following NaCl salinity stress. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science (Germany) 165, 19-27.

25. Katiyar, S. and Dubey, R.S. 1990.Salinity induced accumulation of polyamines in germinating rice seeds differing in salt tolerance. Tropical Science (England) 30, 29-240.

26. Dubey, R.S. 1991. Peroxidases behaviour influences salt tolerance. Rice Biotechnology Quarterly (U.S.A) 8, 8-9.

27. Mittal, R, and Dubey, R.S. 1991. Behaviour of peroxidases in rice: Changes in enzyme activity and isoforms in relation to salt tolerance. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (Paris) 29, 31-40.

28. Mittal R. and Dubey, R.S. 1991. Influence of salinity on ribonuclease activity and status of nucleic acids in rice seedlings differing in salt tolerance. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (New Delhi) 18, 57-64.

29. Dubey, R.S., Katiyar, S, and Mittal, R, 1991, Nitrogen assimilation and transamination in developing rice seedlings following NaCl salinity stress. In Physiological Strategies for Crop Improvement (Tyagi, D.N., Bose, B., Hemantranjan, A. and Devi, T.M., Eds.), B.H.U., Varanasi. pp. 189-194.

30. Mittal, R. and Dubey, R.S. 1992, Behaviour of polyphenol oxidase, IAA oxidase and catalase in germinating rice in relation to salt tolerance. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science (Germany) 169, 270-280.

31. Katiyar, S. and Dubey, R.S. 1992. Influence of NaCl salinity on behaviour of nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase in rice seedlings differing in salt tolerance. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science (Germany) 169, 289-297.

32. Mittal R. and Dubey, R.S. 1992. Mitochondrial acid phosphatatse and adenosine triphosphatase in germinating rice seeds following NaCl salinity stress. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology 35, 174-181.

33. Singh, U.P., Prithviraj, B. and Dubey, R.S. 1993. Peronospora pisi spore load on different leaves and its effect on chlorophyll, nucleic acids, protein and phenol contents of pea leaves. Indian Phytopathology 46, 374 - 378.

34. Dubey, R.S. 1993. Behaviour of peroxidases in relation to salt tolerance in rice. In Plant peroxidases: Biochemistry and Physiology (K.G. Welinder, S.K. Rasmussen, C. Penel, H. Greppin eds.) Unvi. of Geveva, pp. 413-415.

35. Singh, D.V., Dubey, R.S. and Sanyal S.C. 1993 Adherence of haemagglutinating and non-haemagglutinating clinical and environmental isolates of Aeromonas. Journal of International Diarrhoeal Diseases Research 11, 157-160.

36. Katiyar S. and Dubey, R.S. 1994, Behaviour of malate, isocitrate and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenases in germinating rice in relation to salt tolerance. Tropical Science (England) 34, 231-240.

37. Gajjar, L., Dubey, R.S. and Srivastava, R.C. 1994. Activation and stabilization of enzymes entrapped into reversed micelles-Studies on hydrolysing enzymes protease and alpha amylase. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology (USA) 49, 101-112.

38. Dubey, R.S. 1994. Protein synthesis by plants under stressful conditions. In Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress (M. Pessarakli , ed.) Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, pp. 277-299.

39. Singh, A.K. and Dubey, R.S. 1994. Salinity induced stimulation of glutamine synthetase activity in rice seedlings differing in salt tolerance. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (New Delhi) 21, 84-90.

40. Singh, A.K. and Dubey, R.S. 1994. Alteration in activities of chloroplastic phosphatases in rice seedlings following NaCl salinity stress. Journal of Scientific Research 44, 27-36.

41. Kumar, R.G. and Dubey, R.S. 1995. Influence NaCl salinity on the behaviours of malate, isocitrate and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenases in growing rice seedlings in relation to salt tolerance. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology 38, 48-53.

42. Shah, K. and Dubey, R.S. 1995.Phytochelatins. The Botanica (New Delhi), 95, 26-27.

43. Shah, K. and Dubey, R.S. 1995. Cadmium induced changes on germination, RNA level and ribonuclease activity in rice seeds. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (New Delhi) 22, 101-107.

44. Mittal, R. and Dubey, R.S. 1995. Influence of sodium chloride salinity on polyphenol oxidase, indole 3-acetic acid oxidase and catalase activities in rice seedlings differing in salt tolerance. Tropical Science 35, 141-149.

45. Singh, A.K. and Dubey, R.S. 1995. Changes in chlorophyll a and b contents and activity of photosystem 1 and 2 in rice seedlings induced by NaCl. Photosynthetica 31, 489-499.

46. Shah, K. and Dubey, R.S. 1995. Effect of cadmium on RNA level as well as activity and molecular forms of ribonuclease in growing rice seedlings. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (Paris) 33, 577-584.

47. Dubey, R.S. and Pessarakli, M. 1995. Physiological mechanisms of nitrogen absorption and assimilation in plants under stressful conditions. In Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology (M. Pessarakli, ed.), Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, pp. 605-625.

48. Dubey, R.S. 1996. Nitrogen Metabolism in Plants Under Salt Stress. In Strategies for Improving Salt Tolerance in Higher Plants. (P.K. Jaiwal, R.P. Singh and A. Gulati eds.), Oxford & IBH Publishers, New Delhi, pp.129-158.

49. Gajjar, L., Dubey, R.S. and Srivastava, R.C.1996. Fungitoxic action of dithanes in presence of surfactant micelles. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 34,370-390.

50. Said, M.K., Mishra, L., Richharia, A. and Dubey, R.S. 1996. Synthesis, characterization and activity of some linear 2Fe-2S clusters containing heterocyclic ligands. Indian Journal of Chemistry 35A, 214-217.

51. Shah, K. and Dubey, R.S. 1997. Effect of cadmium on proteins, amino acids and protease, aminopeptidase and carboxypeptidase in rice seedlings. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (New Delhi), 24, 89-95.

52. Gajjar, L., Singh, A., Dubey, R.S. and Srivastava, R.C.1997.Enzymic activity of the whole cells entrapped into reversed micelles - studies on alpha amylase and invertase in the entrapped yeast cells. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology (USA) 66,159-172.

53. Richharia, A., Shah, K. and Dubey, R.S. 1997. Nitrate reductase from rice seedlings: Partial purification, characterization and the effects of in situ and in vitro NaCl salinity. Journal of Plant Physiology (Germany) 151, 316-322.

54. Shah, K. and Dubey, R.S. 1997. Cadmium alters phosphate level and suppresses activity of phosphorolytic enzymes in germinating rice seeds. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 179, 35-45.

55. Mishra, S.P., Tiwari, D. and Dubey, R.S. 1997. The uptake behaviour of rice (Jaya) husk in the removal of Zn(II) ions- A radiotracer study. Applied Radiation and Isotopes 48, 877-882.

56. Dubey, R.S. 1997. Photosynthesis in plants under stressful conditions. In Handbook of Photosynthesis (M. Pessarakli, ed.), Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, pp.859-875.

57. Shah, K. and Dubey, R.S. 1998. A 18 kDa Cd inducible protein complex: its isolation and characterization from rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings. Journal of Plant Physiology (Germany) 152, 448-454.

58. Shah, K. and Dubey, R.S. 1998. Cadmium suppresses phosphate level and inhibits the activity of phosphatases in growing rice seedlings. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science (Germany) 180, 223-231.

59. Shah, K. and Dubey, R.S. 1998. Cadmium elevates level of protein, amino acids and alters the activity of proteolytic enzymes in germinating rice seeds. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 20, 189-196.

60. Mishra, S.P., Tiwari, D., Dubey, R.S. and Mishra, M. 1998. Biosorptive behaviour of casein for Zn2+, Hg2+, and Cr3+: Effects of physico-chemical treatments. Bioresource Technology 63, 1-5.

61. Shah, K. and Dubey, R.S. 1998. Effect of cadmium on proline accumulation and ribonuclease activity in rice seedlings: Role of proline as a possible enzyme protectant. Biologia Plantarum 40, 121-130.

62. Mishra, S.P., Tiwari, D., Dubey, R.S. and Mishra, M. 1998. Removal behaviour of rice (Oryza sativa L.) hulls for submicro concentrations of Hg and Cr from aqueous solutions: A radiotracer study. Radiochimica Acta 80, 47-52.

63. Dubey, R.S. 1998. Reversed micelles: a novel system for production of highly active enzymes by entrapped microbial cells. In Trends in Microbial Exploitation (Rai, B., Upadhyay, R.S. and Dubey, N.K., eds.) International Society for Conservation of Natural Resources, Varanasi, pp.224-233.

64. Dubey, R.S. and Singh, A.K. 1999. Salinity induces accumulation of soluble sugars and alters activity of sugar metabolising enzymes in rice plants. Biologia Plantarum 42, 233-239.

65. Kumar, R.G. and Dubey, R.S. 1999. Glutamine synthetase isoforms from rice seedlings: Effect of stress on enzyme activity and the protective roles of osmolytes. Journal of Plant Physiology (Germany) 155, 118-121.

66. Tiwari, D., Mishra, S.P., Mishra, M. and Dubey, R.S. 1999. Biosorptive behaviour of mango (Magnifera indica) and neem (Azadirachta indica) bark for Hg2+, Cr3+ and Cd2+ toxic ions from aqueous solutions: a radiotracer study. Applied Radiation and Isotopes 50, 631-642.

67. Singh, A., Pandey, K.D. and Dubey, R.S. 1999. Reverse micelles: a novel tool for hydrogen production. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 15, 243-247.

68. Singh, A. Pandey, K.D. and Dubey, R.S. 1999. Enhanced hydrogen production by coupled system of Halobacterium halobium and chloroplast after entrapment within reverse micelles. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 24, 693-698.

69. Dubey, R.S. 1999. Protein synthesis by plants under stressful conditions. In Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress (M. Pessarakli, ed.), 2nd Edition, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, pp. 365-397.

70. Singh, A., Dubey, R.S. and Srivastava, R.C. 1999. Synergistic effects in enzymic reactions. Indian Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics 36, 227-232.

71. Singh, A. and Dubey, R.S. 2000. Reverse micelles as water property control system to investigate the hydration, superactivity and kinetics of invertase. Indian Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics 37, 171-177.

72. Kumar, R.G., Shah, K. and Dubey, R.S. 2000. Salinity induced behavioural changes in malate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase activities in rice seedlings of differing salt tolerance. Plant Science 156, 23-34.

73. Verma, S. and Dubey, R.S. 2001. Effect of cadmium on soluble sugars and enzymes of their metabolism in rice. Biologia Plantarum 44(1), 117-123.

74. Shah, K., Kumar, R.G., Verma, S. and Dubey, R.S. 2001. Effect of cadmium on lipid peroxidation, superoxide anion generation and activities of antioxidant enzymes in growing rice seedlings. Plant Science 161, 1135-1144.

75. Dubey, R.S. and Pessarakli, M. 2002. Physiological mechanisms of nitrogen absorption and assimilation in plants under stressful conditions. In Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology (M. Pessarakli, ed.) 2nd Edition, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, pp. 637-655.

76. Verma, S. and Dubey, R.S. 2002. Influence of lead toxicity on photosynthetic pigments, lipid peroxidation and activities of antioxidant enzymes in rice plants. Indian Journal of Agricultural Biochemistry 15, 17-22.

77. Honjoh K., Mimura, A., Kuroiwa, E, Hagisako, T, Suga, K, Shimizu, Dubey, R.S., Miyamota, T., Hatano, S. and Masayoshi, Iio. 2003. Purification and characterization of two isoforms of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) from Chlorella vulgaris C-27. Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry (Japan) 67, 1888-1896.

78. Verma, S. and Dubey, R.S. 2003. Lead toxicity induces lipid peroxidation and alters the activities of antioxidant enzymes in growing rice plants. Plant Science, 164, 645-655.

79. Shah, K. and Dubey, R.S. 2003. Environmental Stresses and their impact on Nitrogen Assimilation in Higher Plants. In Advances in Plant Physiology, Volume 5 (Ed. A. Hemantranjan), Scientific publishers, Jodhpur, India, pp.397-431.

80. Jha, A.B. and Dubey, R.S. 2004. Carbohydrate metabolism in growing rice seedlings under arsenic toxicity. J. Plant Physiology, 161, 867-872.

81. Sharma, P. and Dubey, R.S. 2004. Ascorbate peroxidase from rice seedlings: properties of enzyme isoforms, effects of stresses and protective roles of osmolytes. Plant Science, 167, 541-550.

82. Jha, A.B. and Dubey, R.S. 2004. Arsenic exposure alters the activities of key nitrogen assimilatory enzymes in growing rice seedlings. Plant Growth Regulation. 43, 259-268.

83. Jha, A.B. and Dubey, R.S. 2004. Effect of arsenic on nitrogen assimilatory enzymes in germinating rice seeds. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 9, 438-441.

84. Singh,U.P., Singh, D.P., Maurya, S., Maheshwari, R., Singh, M., Dubey, R.S. and Singh, R.B. 2004. Investigations on the phenolics of some spices having pharmacotherapeutic properties. Journal of Herbal Pharmacotherapy (USA), 4, 27-42.

85. Sharma, P. and Dubey, R.S. 2005. Lead toxicity in plants. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology, 17, 35-52.

86. Jha, A.B. and Dubey, R.S. 2005. Effect of arsenic on behaviour of enzymes of sugar metabolism in germinating rice seeds. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 27, 341�347.

87. Sharma, P. and Dubey, R.S. 2005. Modulation of nitrate reductase activity in rice seedlings under aluminium toxicity and water stress: role of osmolytes as enzyme protectant. Journal of Plant Physiology, 162, 854-864.

88. Sharma, P. and Dubey, R.S. 2005. Drought induces oxidative stress and enhances the activities of antioxidant enzymes in growing rice seedlings. Plant Growth Regulation, 46, 209-221.

89. Mishra, S. and Dubey, R.S. 2005. Heavy metal toxicity induced alterations in photosynthetic metabolism in plants. In Handbook of Photosynthesis (M. Pessarakli, ed.) 2nd Edition, CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, New York, pp. 845-863.

90. Dubey, R.S. 2005. Photosynthesis in plants under stressful conditions. In Handbook of Photosynthesis (M. Pessarakli, ed.) 2nd Edition, CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, New York, pp. 717-737

91. Shah, K. and Dubey, R.S. 2005. Plant Metabolism Under Temperature Stress. In Physiology of Abiotic Stress in Plants (P. Dwivedi and R.S. Dwivedi, Eds.), Agrobios Publications (India), pp.243-274.

92. Sharma, P., Jha, A.B., Verma, S. and Dubey, R.S. 2005. Induction of ascorbate and guaiacol specific peroxidases in metal and water deficit induced oxidative stress in rice seedlings. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 12, 81-90.

93. Mishra, S. and Dubey, R.S. 2006. Heavy metal uptake and detoxification mechanisms in plants. International Journal of Agricultural Research (USA), 1(1), 122-141.

94. Mishra, S.P. Tiwari, D., Prasad, S.K., Dubey, R.S. and Mishra, M. 2006. Inorganic ion exchangers in radioactive waste management. Part XVI: Uptake of some metal phosphates (stannic and zirconium) for 134Cs. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 268, 191-199.

95. Mishra, S. and Dubey, R.S. 2006. Inhibition of ribonuclease and protease activities in arsenic-exposed rice seedlings : role of proline as enzyme protectant. Journal of Plant Physiology, 163, 927-936.

96. Sharma, P. and Dubey, R.S. 2006. Cadmium Uptake and its Toxicity in Higher Plants. In Cadmium Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants (Eds. Khan N.A. and Samiullah), Narosa Publishing House (India), pp.63-86.

97. Maheshwari, R. and Dubey, R.S. 2007. Nickel toxicity inhibits ribonuclease and protease activities in rice seedlings : Protective effects of proline. Plant Growth Regulation, 51, 231-243.

98. Mishra, S.P., Prasad. S.K., Dubey, R.S., Mishra, M., Tiwari, D., Lee, S.M. 2007. Biosorptive behaviour of rice hulls for Cs-134 from aqueous solutions: A radiotracer study. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 65, 280-286.

99. Mishra, S.P., Tiwari, D., Prasad, S.K., Dubey, R.S., Mishra, M. 2007. Biosorptive behaviour of mango (Mangifera indica) and neem (Azadirachta indica) barks for 134Cs from aqueous solutions: A radiotracer study. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 272, 371-379.

100. Mishra, M., Dubey, G. P. and Dubey R. S. 2007. Lead toxicity effects in growing rice plants: germination, seedling vigour and biochemical changes in rice plants. Townsend Letter for Doctors and Patients, 291, 94-98.

101. Sharma, P., Dubey, R.S. 2007. Involvement of oxidative stress and role of antioxidative defense system in growing rice seedlings exposed to toxic concentrations of aluminum. Plant Cell Reports. 26, 2027-2038.

102. Mishra SP, Tiwari D, Prasad SK, Dubey, R.S. and Mishra, M. 2007. Inorganic particulates in removal of toxic heavy metal ions - Part X: Removal behavior of aluminum hydroxide for Hg(II): A radiotracer study. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 274 (2), 257-263.

103. Mishra S and Dubey R. S. 2007. Changes in phosphate content and phosphatases activities in rice seedlings exposed to arsenite. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology. 20, 19-28.

104. Dubey, R.S. 2007. Heavy metal toxicity in plants: the phytotoxic role of cadmium. In Plant Diversity and Conservation (J.S. Singh, A.K. Bhatnagar, V.P. Singh and B.K. Roy, Eds.). Vedams eBooks (P) Ltd. Delhi. ISBN 81-89304-28-3., pp. 185-201

105. Mishra , P. and Dubey, R.S. 2008. Effect of aluminum on metabolism of starch and sugars in growing rice seedlings. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 30, 265-275.

106. Maheshwari, R. and Dubey, R.S. 2008. Inhibition of ribonuclease and protease activities in germinating rice seeds exposed to nickel. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 30, 863-872.

107. Sharma, P. and Dubey, R.S. 2008. Mechanism of aluminum toxicity and tolerance in higher plants. In Advances in Plant Physiology, Volume 10 (Ed. A. Hemantranjan), Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur, India, pp.145-179.

108. Pandey, A. and Dubey, R.S. 2008. Photoproduction of Hydrogen Through Biological Route Using Reverse Micelles. In: Treatise on Photophysiology (Haldar, C. and Basu, P., eds.), Imagination Editors and Printers, Varanasi, India, pp. 193-206. ISBN 978-81-921414-11

109. Sharma, P., Jha, A.B. and Dubey, R.S. 2009. Effect of Abiotic Stresses on Growth, Metabolic Alterations and Tolerance Mechanisms in Rice Crop". In: Danforth, A.T., editor, Corn Crop Production: Growth, Fertilization and Yield. pp.111-186. Nova Science Publishers, NewYork, Agriculture Issues and Policies ISBN: 978-1-60741-955-6.

110. Maheshwari, R. and Dubey, R.S. 2009. Nickel-induced oxidative stress and the role of antioxidative defense in rice seedlings. Plant Growth Regulation. 59, 37-49.

111. Sharma, P. and Dubey, R.S. 2010. Metal Toxicity in Plants : Uptake of Metals, Metabolic Alterations and Tolerance Mechanisms. In: Advances in Plant Physiology, Volume 11 (Ed. A. Hemantaranjan), Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur, India, pp.53-106.

112. Dubey, R.S. 2010. Metal toxicity, oxidative stress and antioxidative defense system in plants. In: Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidants in Higher Plants. (S. Dutta Gupta, ed.), Science Publishers, CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, USA pp. 177-203.

113. Sharma, P., Jha, A. B. and Dubey, R.S. 2010. Oxidative Stress and Antioxidative Defense System in Plants Growing under Abiotic Stresses. In Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress, (M. Pessarakli, ed.), 3rd edition, Taylor & Francis, Florida, USA. pp. 89-138.

114. Sharma, P. and Dubey, R.S. 2010. Protein synthesis by plants under stressful conditions. In Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress, (M. Pessarakli, ed.), 3rd Edition, Taylor & Francis, Florida, USA. pp. 465-518.

115. Jaiswal, N., Saritha, R.K., Datta, D., Singh, M., Dubey, R..S, Rai, A.B. and Rai, M. 2010. Molecular characterization of tomato leaf curl Palampur virus and pepper leaf curl betasatellite naturally infecting pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) in India. Indian Journal of Virology. 21:128-132.

116. Srivastava S. and Dubey, R.S. 2011. Manganese-excess induces oxidative stress, lowers the pool of antioxidants and elevates activities of key antioxidative enzymes in rice seedlings. Plant Growth regulation. 64:1-16.

117. Maheshwari, R. and Dubey, R.S. 2011. Nickel toxicity alters phosphate pool and suppresses activity of phosphorolytic enzymes in germinating seeds and growing seedlings of rice. International Journal of Plant Physiol Biochem 3, 50-59.

118. Mishra, Pallavi and Dubey, R.S. 2011. Nickel and Al-excess inhibit nitrate reductase but upregulate activities of aminating glutamate dehydrogenase and aminotransferases in growing rice seedlings. Plant Growth regulation 64, 251-261.

119. Sharma, P. and Dubey, R.S. 2011. Abiotic Stress-Induced Metabolic Alterations in Crop Plants: Strategies for Improving Stress Tolerance. In: Advances in Life Sciences, Sinha, R.P., Sharma, N.K. and Rai, A.K., eds. I.K. International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India. pp. 1-54.

120. Mishra, Shruti, Jha, A.B. and Dubey, R.S. 2011. Arsenite treatment induces oxidative stress, upregulates antioxidant aystem and causes phytochelatin synthesis in rice seedlings. Protoplasma 248, 565-577.

121. Srivastava, S. and Dubey, R.S. 2012. Nitric oxide alleviates manganese toxicity by preventing oxidative stress in excised rice leaves. Acta Physiol. Plant. 34, 819-825.

122. Jaiswal, N., Saritha, R.K., Datta, D., Singh, M., Dubey, R.S., Rai, M. and Rai, A.B. 2012. Mixed infections of begomoviruses in pumpkins with yellow vein mosaic disease in north India. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 45, 938 - 941.

123. Sharma, P., Jha, A.B., Dubey, R.S. and Pessarakli, M. 2012. Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Damage and Antioxidative Defense Mechanism in Plants under Stressful Conditions. Journal of Botany, 2012, Article ID 217037, 26 pages, doi:10.1155/2012/217037.

124. Srivastava R.K and Dubey, R.S. 2012. Metal Toxicity, Production of Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Consequences in Plants. In: Advances in Plant Physiology, Volume 13 (Ed. A. Hemantaranjan), Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur, India, pp.415-456.

125. Dubey R.S. 2012. Food Security and Sustainability of Agriculture in Indian Context. In: Proceedings of the National Seminar on Food Security and Sustainability of Agriculture, UP Rajarshi Tandon Open University, Allahabad, Feb. 9-10, 2012, pp. 20-23. 126. Jaiswal, N., Singh, M., Dubey, R.S., Venkataramanappa, V. and Datta, D. 2012.Phytochemicals and antioxidative enzymes defence mechanism on occurrence of yellow vein mosaic disease of pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata). 3 Biotech, DOI 10.1007/s13205-012-0100-6.

127. Kumar, S., Asif, M.H., Chakrabarty, D., Tripathi, R.D., Dubey, R.S. and Trivedi, P.K. 2013.Differential expression of rice lambda class GST gene family members during plant growth, development, and in response to stress conditions. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter 31:569-580.

128. Mishra, P., Bhoomika, K. and Dubey, R.S. 2013. Differential responses of antioxidative defense system to prolonged salinity stress in salt-tolerant and salt sensitive Indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings. Protoplasma 250, 3-19.

129. Pyngrope, S., Bhoomika, K. and Dubey, R. S. 2013. Oxidative stress, protein carbonylation, proteolysis and antioxidative defense system as a model for depicting water deficit tolerance in Indica rice seedlings. Plant Growth Regulation 69, 149-165.

130. Mishra, P. and Dubey, R.S. 2013. Excess nickel modulates activities of carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes and induces accumulation of sugars by upregulating acid invertase and sucrose synthase in rice seedlings. Biometals 26, 97-111.

131. Pyngrope, S., Bhoomika, K. and Dubey, R. S. 2013. Reactive oxygen species, ascorbate-glutathione pool, and enzymes of their metabolism in drought-sensitive and tolerant indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings subjected to progressing levels of water deficit. Protoplasma 250, 585-600.

132. Verma, A.K., Agarwal, A.K., Dubey, R. S., Solomon, S. and Singh, S.B. 2013. Sugar partitioning in sprouting lateral bud and shoot development of sugarcane. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 62 , 111-115.

133. Kumar S, Asif MH, Chakrabarty D, Tripathi RD, Dubey RS, Trivedi PK. 2013. Expression of a rice Lambda class of glutathione S-transferase, OsGSTL2, in Arabidopsis provides tolerance to heavy metal and other abiotic stresses. Journal of Hazarduous Materials 248, 228-237.

134. Pandey P., Srivastava R.K. and Dubey, R.S. 2013. Salicylic acid alleviates aluminum toxicity in rice seedlings better than magnesium and calcium by reducing aluminum uptake, suppressing oxidative damage and increasing antioxidative defense. Ecotoxicology 22 (4), 656-670.

135. Bhoomika. K., Pyngrope, S. and Dubey, R.S. 2013. Differential responses of antioxidant enzymes to aluminum toxicity in two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars with marked presence and elevated activity of Fe SOD and enhanced activities of Mn SOD and catalase in aluminum tolerant cultivar. Plant Growth Regulation. 71 (3), 235-252

136. Gupta, A.K., Dubey, R.S. and Malik, J.K. 2013. Application of modern electroanalytical techniques: recent trend in pharmaceutical and drug analysis. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research 4, 2450-2458.

137. Pandey, P., Srivastava, R.K. and Dubey, R.S. 2014. Water deficit and aluminum tolerance are associated with a high antioxidative enzyme capacity in Indica rice seedlings. Protoplasma 251:147-60.

138. Bhoomika. K., Pyngrope, S. and Dubey, R.S. 2014. Effect of aluminum on protein oxidation, non-protein thiols and protease activity in seedlings of rice cultivars differing in aluminum tolerance. Journal of Plant Physiology, 171 (7), 497-508.

139. Srivastava RK, Pandey P, Rajpoot R, Rani A and Dubey RS. 2014. Cadmium and lead interactive effects on oxidative stress and antioxidative responses in rice seedlings. Protoplasma 251:1047-1065.

140. Dubey RS, Srivastava, R.K. and Pessarakli M. 2014. Nitrogen absorption and assimilation in plants under stressful conditions. In Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology (M. Pessarakli, ed.) 3rd Edition, CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, New York, pp. 453-485.

141. Sharma P, Jha AB, Dubey RS and Pessarakli M. 2014. Reactive oxygen species generation, hazards and defense mechanisms in plants under environmental (abiotic and biotic) stress conditions. In Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology (M. Pessarakli, ed.) 3rd Edition, CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, New York, pp. 509-547.

142. Sharma P, Jha AB and Dubey RS. 2014. Arsenic toxicity and tolerance mechanisms in crop plants. In Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology (M. Pessarakli, ed.) 3rd Edition, CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, New York, pp. 733-783.

143. Srivastava RK, Pandey P, Rajpoot R, Rani A, Gautam A and Dubey RS. 2014. Exogenous Application of Calcium and Silica Alleviates Cadmium Toxicity by Suppressing Oxidative Damage in Rice Seedlings. Protoplasma. DOI: 10.1007/s00709-014-0731-z.

144. Kumar S, Dubey RS, Tripathi RD, Chakrabarty D and Trivedi PK 2015. Omics and biotechnology of arsenic stress and detoxification in plants: Current updates and prospective. Environment International 74:221-230.

145. Kumar M, Chand R, Dubey RS and Shah K. 2015. Effect of Tricyclazole on morphology, virulence and enzymatic alterations in pathogenic fungi Bipolaris sorokiniana for management of spot blotch disease in barley. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 31:23-35. DOI 10.1007/s11274-014-1756-3.