[A] Modulating and targeting HSP70 in a T-cell lymphoma: My lab is actively engaged in the study of immunomodulatory potential of Hsp70 in tumor bearing mice. The main focus of our study is to understand the mechanism of Hsp70 expression in tumor system, its role as immunomodulator and other therapeutic targets against malignancies. Against the well-known fact that Hsp70 promotes the progression of tumors by playing a cytoprotective role, we intended to enforce the tumor cells to programmed cell death in situ by blocking the signaling mechanism of expression of Hsp70 using specific HSF-1 inhibitors. HSF-1 inhibitors and exogenous Hsp70 together may constitute an invaluable tool to curb the malignancies. We are also studying the possible implication of nTregs/iTregs in cancer therapy, which are the major factor for immunosuppression associated with progression of tumor. In human and mice, these CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs represent 5-10% of total CD4+ T lymphocytes and play crucial role in maintenance of immunological self-tolerance and immune homeostasis. Tregs are involved in suppressive control of broad spectrum of immune responses by inhibiting activation, proliferation, differentiation, and even effector function of multiple immune cell types. Depleting Tregs in the tumor-bearing host proved to be very effective in regression of tumor. However, translating Tregs in cancer therapeutics is in primordial stage and needs to be investigated in detail.

[B] Implication of Gold Nanoparticles-Peptide Complex in Cancer Therapy: We have synthesized gold nanoparticles and characterized with the help of UV-visible spectroscope, X-ray diffraction (XRD), TEM and FT-IR for functional group and size distribution before fusion with tumor peptide. Gold nanoparticles have been regarded as an emerging nano-medicine due to its significant properties such as biocompatibility, high surface reactivity, resistance to oxidation and Plasmon resonance. However, fate of targeted delivery of nanoparticles-peptide complex needs to be extensively investigated. Many techniques involving nanoparticles in cancer detection and treatment are mainly in preclinical stages, and study regarding synergistic effect of gold nanoparticle-peptide complex is seriously lacking. Therefore, there is tremendous potential for the development of new and effective approach in the field of nanotechnology for cancer detection and removal. Furthermore, TGF-β produced by tumour cells or tumour cell-activated Treg cells and iMC is involved in the accumulation, differentiation and expansion of tumour suppressor cells and therefore suppress the function of immunopotent cells in the host in one hand and enhance the generation of iMC, pDC and Tregs on the other hand, which are immunosuppressive, inhibiting T cell proliferation and tumour-specific T cell response and therefore further stimulates the growth and progression of tumour cells. Recent findings indicate that by regulating the expression of these cytokines or by blocking, it can be possible to restore Th1/Th2 balance and subsequently enhance the life expectancy and survival of tumour-bearing host.

[C] Molecular programming in B cell Memory: The most effective vaccines that are in use today generate protective, antigen specific B cell memory. To be effective, memory B cells must target the right antigen, express the appropriate antibody class and bind to their antigen with sufficiently high affinity to provide the host with long-term immune protection. For that, memory B cells programmed to memorize the antigenic challenge to protect the host without any delay against the antigen not known to immunologist. The molecular regulation of antigen-specific cellular events initiates a complex but finite set of regulatory programmes that can be modified both indirectly, following vaccination with innate stimuli, and perhaps directly, during the acquisition of high affinity B cell memory. The vaccine boost is the most readily accessible phase of this strategy that can directly target antigen-specific adaptive responses. Unravelling the molecules and their mechanism of action to control each phase of memory B cell development provides a plethora of new targets for vaccine-based modification in vivo..

List of 10 major Publications

1. Deepak P, Acharya A. (2010). Anti-tumor immunity and mechanism of immunosuppression mediated by tumor cells: role of tumor-derived soluble factors and cytokines. Int. Rev. Immunol.29 (4): 421-58.
2. Deepak P, Acharya A. Interleukin-13 induces T helper type 2 immune responses in OVA-immunized BALB/c mice-bearing a T cell lymphoma. Scand. J. Immunol. 2012; 75(1): 85-95.
3. Kumar S, Deepak P, Acharya A. (2009). Autologous Hsp70 immunization induces anti-tumor immunity and increases longevity and survival of tumor-bearing mice. Neoplasma 56(3): 257-266.
4. Kumar S, Deepak P, Kumar S, Jr., Kishore D, Acharya A. (2009). Autologous HSP70 Induces Antigen Specific Th1 Immune Responses in a Murine T-Cell Lymphoma. Immunol. Invest. 38: 449-465.
5. Deepak P, Kumar S, Acharya A. (2009). Over expression of interleukin-13 in a murine T-cell lymphoma: a possible factor of DL-induced immunosuppression and tumor progression. Cancer Invest. 27(6): 641-649.
6. Pramod K. Gautam & Arbind Acharya. (2014) Suppressed expression of homotypicmultinucleation, extracellular domains of CD172a (SIRP-a) and CD47 (IAP) receptor in TAMs up-regulated by Hsp70 peptide complex in Daltons lymphoma. Scan J Immunol. 80; 22-35.
7. Kumar S, Tomar MS, Acharya A. (2015) Carboxylic group-induced synthesis and characterization of selenium nanoparticles and its anti-tumor potential on Daltons lymphoma cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 1(126):546-52.
8. Pramod Kumar Gautam,&Acharya A. (2015) Antigenic Hsp70 peptide upregulate altered cell surface MHC class I expression in TAMs and increases anti-tumor function in Daltons lymphoma bearing mice. Tumour Biol. 36(3):2023-32.
9. Kumar S, Gautam PK, Tomar MS, Acharya A. (2016) CD28-mediated T cell response is upregulated by exogenous application of autologous Hsp70 peptide complex in a tumor-bearing host. Immunol.Res. 64:313-323.
10. Kumar S, Stokes J, Singh UP, Scissum Gunn K, Acharya A, Manne U, Mishra M. Targeting Hsp70: A possible therapy for cancer. Cancer Lett. 2016 Apr 28;374(1):156-66. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.01.056. Epub 2016 Feb 17. PubMed PMID: 26898980.

Full List of Publications

1. Acharya A, Banerjee M. (1988) Erythrocytes and related parameters in the bird Lonchura. Environment & Ecology 4: 993-997.
2. Acharya A, Banerjee M. (1988) Thrombocyte and coagulation time in three species of Lonchura. Environment & Ecology 6: 1012-1013.
3. Banerjee M, Acharya A. (1989) Biological constituents of blood in three species of Lonchura. Environment & Ecology. 7: 196-198.
4. Acharya A, Banerjee M. (1989) Leucocytes of Lonchura. Environment & Ecology. 7: 351-353.
5. Singh R, Acharya A. (1997) Thyroxine and programming testicular growth of Indian Jungle Bush Quail (Perdicula aisatica). J. Scientific Research 47: 173-174.
6. Acharya A, Ashma R. (1999) Hyperthermia and acidic pH treatment induce apoptosis in in-vitro murine thymocytes. J. Scientific Research 48: 162-17.
7. Acharya A, Singh SM. (2001) Effect of the TNF on the induction of Apoptosis in murine macrophages: Role of ICE. Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol. 14: 5-10.
8. Acharya A. (2002) H2O2 induced apoptosis of thymocyte involve mobilization of divalent cations. Int.. J. Immunopathol.Pharmacol. 15: 19-25.
9. Acharya A, Tripathi V. (2003) Novel peptides enhance the production of nitric oxide and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Gene expression in murine macrophage. Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol. 6: 17-22.
10. Acharya A, Tripathi V. (2004) Novel peptides treated macrophage induction of apoptosis in tumor cell line P815. Euro. J. Inflammation 2: 65-72.
11. Deepak P, Kumar S, Acharya A. (2005) Immunobiology of tumor progression and therapeutic application of natural products in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases and Nutraceuticals edited by Yamini B. Tripathi, BHU Press.
12. Deepak P, Kumar S, Acharya A. (2006) Heat shock proteins (HSPs): Future trend in cancer immunotherapy. Euro. J. Inflammation 4: 1-10.
13. Kumar S, Deepak P, Acharya A. (2006) Hsp70 modulates the production of reactive intermediate metabolites and expression of TNF-α in T-cell Lymphoma. Euro. J. Inflammation 4: 157-169.
14. Kumar S, Deepak P, Acharya A. (2007) Hsp70 induces Th1 polarization through tumor-associated macrophages in a T-cell lymphoma. Neoplasma 54(2): 113-122.
15. Deepak P, Kumar S, Acharya A. (2007) IL-13 neutralization modulates function of type II polarized macrophages in vivo in a murine T-cell lymphoma. Euro. J. Inflammation 5(1): 29-37.
16. Deepak P, Kumar S, Acharya A. (2007) IL-13 Rα2-mediated interleukin-13 neutralization represses in vivo progressive growth of a T-cell lymphoma. J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res. 26(3): 347-352.
17. Deepak P, Kumar S, Acharya A. (2008) Gender dichotomy in antibody response in a T-cell lymphoma: involvement of IL-13 and gonadal hormones. Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. 59: 127-138.
18. Deepak P, Kumar S, Acharya A. (2008) Gender variation in interleukin-13 production: a possible mechanism of differential in vivo growth of a T-cell lymphoma. Scand. J. Immunol. 67: 581-588.
19. Deepak P, Kumar S, Acharya A. (2008) Interleukin-13 neutralization modulates interleukin-13 induced suppression of reactive oxygen species production in peritoneal macrophages in a murine T-cell lymphoma. Cell. Immunol. 251: 72-77.
20. Kumar S, Deepak P, Acharya A. (2009). Autologous Hsp70 immunization induces anti-tumor immunity and increases longevity and survival of tumor-bearing mice. Neoplasma 56(3): 257-266.
21. Deepak P, Kumar S, Acharya A. (2009). Over expression of interleukin-13 in a murine T-cell lymphoma: a possible factor of DL-induced immunosuppression and tumor progression. Cancer Invest. 27(6): 641-649.
22. Kumar S, Deepak P, Kumar S, Jr., Kishore D, Acharya A. (2009). Autologous HSP70 Induces Antigen Specific Th1 Immune Responses in a Murine T-Cell Lymphoma. Immunol. Invest. 38: 449-465.
23. Deepak P, Kumar S, Kishore D, Kumar S, Jr., Acharya A. (2009). Interleukin-13 from Th2 type cells suppresses induction of antigen specific cell-mediated immunity in a T-cell lymphoma. Int. Immunol. 22: 53-63.
24. Kumar S Jr, Acharya A. (2010) Analysis of downstream signaling to TGF-β: Study from NetPath, a signaling database. Bioinformatics Trends 5(3&4): 117-137.
25. Deepak P, Acharya A. (2010). Anti-tumor immunity and mechanism of immunosuppression mediated by tumor cells: role of tumor-derived soluble factors and cytokines. Int. Rev. Immunol.29 (4): 421-58.
26. Deepak P, Acharya A. Interleukin-13 induces T helper type 2 immune responses in OVA-immunized BALB/c mice-bearing a T cell lymphoma. Scand. J. Immunol. 2012; 75(1): 85-95.
27. Gautam PK, Deepak P, Kumar S, Acharya A. (2011). Role of macrophage in tumor microenvironment: prospect in cancer immunotherapy. Euro. J. Inflammation 2012; 10(1): 1-14.
28. Gautam PK, Maurya BN, Kumar S, Deepak P, Kumar S Jr, Tomar MS, Acharya A. (2013). Progressive growth of a murine T cell lymphoma alters population kinetics and cell viability of macrophages in a tumor-bearing host. Tumor Biol. 34: 827-836.
29. Kumar S, Tomar MS, Acharya A. (2013) HSF1-mediated regulation of tumor cell apoptosis: A novel target for cancer therapeutics. Future Oncol. 9(10): 1573-86.
30. Kumar S, Deepak P, Kumar S, Gautam PK, Acharya A. (2013) A benzophenanthridine alkaloid, chelerythrine induces apoptosis in vitro in a Daltons Lymphoma. J Cancer Res Ther. 9(4):693-700.
31. P. K. Gautam, S Kumar, P Deepak,ArbindAcharya.(2013) Morphological effects of autologous hsp70 on peritoneal macrophages in a murine T cell lymphoma. Tumor Biol. 34:3407-3415.
32. Kumar S, Acharya A. (2013) Chelerythrine induces reactive oxygen species-dependent mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in a murine T celllymphoma. Tumor Biol. 35(1):129-40.
33. Pramod K. Gautam&ArbindAcharya. (2014) Suppressed expression of homotypicmultinucleation, extracellular domains of CD172a (SIRP-a) and CD47 (IAP) receptor in TAMs up-regulated by Hsp70-peptide complex in Daltons lymphoma. Scan J Immunol. 80; 22-35.
34. Kumar S, Tomar MS, Acharya A.(2014) Activation of p53-dependent and p53-independent pathways of apoptotic cell death by Chelerythrine in a murine T cell lymphoma.Leuk Lymphoma. 11:1-28.
35. Kumar S, Tomar MS, Acharya A. (2015) Carboxylic group-induced synthesis and characterization of selenium nanoparticles and its anti-tumor potential on Daltons lymphoma cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 1(126):546-52.
36. Pramod Kumar Gautam,&Acharya A. (2015) Antigenic Hsp70-peptide upregulate altered cell surface MHC class I expression in TAMs and increases anti-tumor function in Daltons lymphoma bearing mice. Tumour Biol. 36(3):2023-32.
37. Kumar S, Gautam PK, Tomar MS, Acharya A. (2016) CD28-mediated T cell response is upregulated by exogenous application of autologous Hsp70 peptide complex in a tumor-bearing host. Immunol.Res.2016; 64:313-323.
38. S Kumar, MS Tomar, Acharya A. (2016) Chelerythrine delayed tumor growth and increased survival duration of Daltons lymphoma bearing BALB/c H 2d mice by activation of NK cells in vivo. Cancer Res Ther. [Eupub print ahead].
39. Kumar S, Stokes J, Singh UP, Scissum Gunn K, Acharya A, Manne U, Mishra M. Targeting Hsp70: A possible therapy for cancer. Cancer Lett. (2016) Apr 28;374(1):156-66. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.01.056. Epub 2016 Feb 17. PubMed PMID: 26898980.

B. Chapters in Book:

1. Praveen Deepak and Arbind Acharya. (2013). Biological function of IL-4/IL-13, signaling cascade and implication in growth and tumor development. Nova Publication.USA.
2. Deepak P, Kumar S, Acharya A. (2005) Immunobiology of tumor progression and therapeutic application of natural products. Chronic Inflammatory Diseases and Nutraceuticals. BHU Press. 2005; 65-105.

1. Arbind Acharya, Praveen Deepak, Sanjay Kumar. 2008. Immunology by Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiyana, Punjab, India.